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Here is a solution to convert Iranian Calendar (also known as Persian calendar or the Jalaali Calendar) to Gregorian Calendar & vise versa in SQL server.
To develop this solution, we used Julian calendar as an intermediary to convert it & vise versa.

Here is the source code to convert Iranian Calendar to Gregorian Calendar with example:

--First twe need to convert Persian calendar date to Julian Calendar date
Create FUNCTION [dbo].[UDF_Persian_To_Julian](@iYear int,@iMonth int,@iDay int)
RETURNS bigint
AS
Begin

Declare @PERSIAN_EPOCH  as int
Declare @epbase as bigint
Declare @epyear as bigint
Declare @mdays as bigint
Declare @Jofst  as Numeric(18,2)
Declare @jdn bigint

Set @PERSIAN_EPOCH=1948321
Set @Jofst=2415020.5

If @iYear>=0
Begin
Set @epbase=@iyear-474
End
Else
Begin
Set @epbase = @iYear - 473
End
set @epyear=474 + (@epbase%2820)
If @iMonth<=7
Begin
Set @mdays=(Convert(bigint,(@iMonth) - 1) * 31)
End
Else
Begin
Set @mdays=(Convert(bigint,(@iMonth) - 1) * 30+6)
End
Set @jdn =Convert(int,@iday) + @mdays+ Cast(((@epyear * 682) - 110) / 2816 as int)  + (@epyear - 1) * 365 + Cast(@epbase / 2820 as int) * 1029983 + (@PERSIAN_EPOCH - 1)
RETURN @jdn
End
Go
--Secondly, convert Julian calendar date to Gregorian to achieve the target.
Create FUNCTION [dbo].[UDF_Julian_To_Gregorian] (@jdn bigint)
Returns nvarchar(11)
as
Begin
Declare @Jofst  as Numeric(18,2)
Set @Jofst=2415020.5
Return Convert(nvarchar(11),Convert(datetime,(@jdn- @Jofst),113),110)
End
Go
-- Here is the example
Select dbo.[UDF_Julian_To_Gregorian](dbo.[UDF_Persian_To_Julian](1391,1,30))
--Result is 04-18-2012

Here is the source code to convert Gregorian Calendar to Iranian Calendar with example:

Create Function dbo.[UDF_Gregorian_To_Persian] (@date datetime)
Returns nvarchar(50)
as
Begin
Declare @depoch as bigint
Declare @cycle  as bigint
Declare @cyear  as bigint
Declare @ycycle as bigint
Declare @aux1 as bigint
Declare @aux2 as bigint
Declare @yday as bigint
Declare @Jofst  as Numeric(18,2)
Declare @jdn bigint

Declare @iYear   As Integer
Declare @iMonth  As Integer
Declare @iDay    As Integer

Set @Jofst=2415020.5
Set @jdn=Round(Cast(@date as int)+ @Jofst,0)

Set @depoch = @jdn - [dbo].[UDF_Persian_To_Julian](475, 1, 1)
Set @cycle = Cast(@depoch / 1029983 as int)
Set @cyear = @depoch%1029983

If @cyear = 1029982
Begin
Set @ycycle = 2820
End
Else
Begin
Set @aux1 = Cast(@cyear / 366 as int)
Set @aux2 = @cyear%366
Set @ycycle = Cast(((2134 * @aux1) + (2816 * @aux2) + 2815) / 1028522 as int) + @aux1 + 1
End

Set @iYear = @ycycle + (2820 * @cycle) + 474

If @iYear <= 0
Begin
Set @iYear = @iYear - 1
End
Set @yday = (@jdn - [dbo].[UDF_Persian_To_Julian](@iYear, 1, 1)) + 1
If @yday <= 186
Begin
Set @iMonth = CEILING(Convert(Numeric(18,4),@yday) / 31)
End
Else
Begin
Set @iMonth = CEILING((Convert(Numeric(18,4),@yday) - 6) / 30)
End
Set @iDay = (@jdn - [dbo].[UDF_Persian_To_Julian](@iYear, @iMonth, 1)) + 1

Return Convert(nvarchar(50),@iDay) + '-' +   Convert(nvarchar(50),@iMonth) +'-' + Convert(nvarchar(50),@iYear)
End
GO
-- Here is the example
Select dbo.[UDF_Gregorian_To_Persian]('2012-04-18') as [Persian Date]
--Result is 30-1-1391

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