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EXECUTE statement failed because its WITH RESULT SETS clause specified %d result set(s), but the statement only sent %d result set(s) at run time is one of the new error messages seen in SQL Server 2012. This error message is due to the invalid use of new feature EXEC WITH RESULT SETS.

Let’s discuss this in detail:
Message Number: 11536

Severity : 16

Error Message: EXECUTE statement failed because its WITH RESULT SETS clause specified %d result set(s), but the statement only sent %d result set(s) at run time.

Error Generation:

Let me create a sample stored procedure to generate this error.

Create Procedure UDP_Resultset
As
Select 'A' as [First Letter]
Select 'B' as [Second Letter]
GO
EXEC UDP_Resultset

You can see that the above stored procedure is executed successfully and it has two result sets.
Lets try to execute it with WITH RESULT SETS clause.

EXEC UDP_Resultset
WITH RESULT SETS
(([1st Letter] varchar(50)
)
,([2nd Letter] varchar(50)
)
,([3rd Letter] varchar(50)
)
);
--OUTPUT

Ooops…… I am unable to execute it properly. It returned the two result sets and the error message.

Resolution:
Why this error ? Because, the above stored procedure returns two result sets but we defined WITH RESULT SETS clause for three result sets. Lets rewrite the script and define two result sets (The same number of result sets returned by stored procedure) to avoid this error.

EXEC UDP_Resultset
WITH RESULT SETS
(([1st Letter] varchar(50)
)
,([2nd Letter] varchar(50)
));
--OUTPUT

Conclusion :
Remember, whenever you use any stored procedure WITH RESULT SETS clause, make sure you use exactly the same number of result set returned by stored procedure to avoid such errors.